The Reid Technique of Investigative Interviewing and Advanced Interrogation

Registration:

www.reid.com or

Julie Rock 855-479-3959 or715-282-5628 ([email protected])

Total Hours:

  • day course taught in 3 days with extended hours – 24 hours
    • 5 Principles of behavior symptom analysis
    • External factors influencing behavior symptoms

Course    Purpose: Provide the finest training available on interviewing and interrogation

Course Objectives

  • Provide the fundamentals necessary to conduct a proper interview and interrogation
  • To provide a structured frame of reference for those interviewers who have some experience

but also may not have had any formal training in the area.

  • Improve the efficiency of all participants in obtaining the truth from suspects, witnesses

and victims in a legally acceptable manner

Course Content Overview

DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN INTERVIEWS AND INTERROGATIONS
  • Interviews trying to determine whether suspect committed issue under investigation
  • Interrogation – reasonably sure suspect committed issue under investigation and trying to persuade them to tell the truth.
  • Legal Aspects of Interviewing and Interrogation (16 page supplement to be used by students as homework assignment)
  • Miranda
  • Confession voluntariness
  • Legal status of trickery and deceit
  • Accusatory confrontation
  • What makes an excellent interviewer/ interrogator
  • Room Setting – how to set up the interview I interrogation room to make it more conducive to reading behavior and eliciting information
BEHAVIOR SYMPTOM ANALYSIS

Introduction

  • Definition
  • Verbal
  • Paralinguistic
  • Non-verbal
  • How to use behavior symptoms during interviews and interrogations
  • How important is the issue to suspect?
  • What type of suspect are you dealing with?
  • Nature of the issue under investigation

and how that may affect the subject’s behavior

  • Control over the environment
  • Internal factors influencing behavior
  • Intelligence
  • Emotional stability
  • Juveniles
  • Cultural differences
  • Medical
  • Manner of observation and evaluating behavior symptoms – the fundamental rules to follow to accurately interpret a suspects behavior
BEHAVIORAL ATTITUDES
  • Attitudes common to both truthful and deceptive suspects
  • Attitudes common to Truthful Suspects
  • Attitudes common to Deceptive Suspects
POSTURES

Non-verbal behavior symptoms indicative of truth or deception

  • Body Postures
  • Truthful
  • Deceptive
  • Gestures and movements indicative of deception
  • Deceptive try to retreat from threatening situations
  • Physical activities to reduce tension associated with lying
    • Posture changes
    • Personal & grooming gestures
    • Protective gestures
    • External gestures
  • Facial expressions – provide help identifying the emotional state of the subject
  • Eye contact

 

VERBAL BEHAVIOR SYMPTOMS INDICATIVE OF TRUTH OR DECEPTION
  • Four basic    Principles     of   verbal    behavior symptoms
  • Thirteen Guidelines for distinguishing between truthful and deceptive verbal responses
PARALINGUISTIC BEHAVIOR SYMPTOMS
  • Significance of paralinguistic communication
  • Four basic guidelines for evaluating paralinguistic behavior
BAITING TECHNIQUE

The baiting technique is a non-accusatory question asked during the Interview in which the interviewer implies the possible existence of

incriminating evidence for the purpose of enticing the subject to change or consider changing a previous statement.

  • Procedures
  • Obtain appropriate commitment
  • Establish credibility of bait question
  • Explanation of real or fictitious evidence
  • Introductory phrases
  • Face saver
  • Specific use of baiting technique to break suspect’s alibi
  • Additional baiting suggestions for unique Investigations
End of Day 1

Day2

REID BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS INTERVIEW™
  • Preparation prior to the interview
  • Factual Analysis
  • Gathering and analyzing the facts
  • “Subject Information Sheet” – work form

to profile characteristics of criminal behavior

  • Decisions prior to conducting the interview
  • Preparing the suspect for the interview
  • Determining the sequence of the interviews
  • Behavioral Analysis Interview Questions A non-accusatory interview in which a

structured set of questions are asked, some of which are for the purpose of eliciting verbal and non-verbal behavior indicative

of truth or deception.

  • Benefits of conducting the interview prior to any interrogation
THE STRUCTURE OF THE INTERVIEW –
  • Types of questions asked in the interview
  • Non-threatening questions
  • Investigative questions
  • Behavior provoking questions
    • Reason for interview
  • History/You
  • Suspicion of others –
  • Suspicion (anyone name you)
  • Vouch for others, Vouch for you
  • Attitude
  • Credibility (if suspect has been accused)
  • Opportunity
  • Motive
  • Think
  • Objection
  • Punishment
  • Investigative results
  • Second chance
  • Alibi – Details
  • Baiting techniques

(Non-accusatory question where interviewer implies possible existence of incriminating evidence for purpose of enticing the suspect)

  • Optional Interview Questions
  • Any reason someone would name you?
  • Who do you think would eliminate you?
  • Have you ever been questioned before (regarding this issue)?
  • Has anyone ever approached you?
  • Have you ever borrowed… ?
  • Do you think (other agency) should get involved in the investigation?
  • What percentage of people do you think (issue)?
  • What would be the easiest way for a person (issue)?
  • Would a financial audit reveal any large purchases etc.?
  • If you did this would you tell me?
  • Circumstances question
  • Understand question
  • Discipline question
  • Control question
•      Interview Evaluation Procedures –

Interview Tabulation Sheet End of Day 2

DAY3:

REID NINE STEPS OF INTERROGATION®
  • Preparation Prior To The Interrogation
  • Additional insight from behavior provoking questions
  • Gain additional insight for the interrogation by identifying what consequence’s the suspect fears most. Also identify the suspect’s perception regarding the flexibility of the perceived consequence
•      Step 1 DIRECT POSITIVE CONFRONTATION
  • “I have in this file the results of our investigation into the (issue). The results of the investigation clearly indicate that you are the person who (issue).”
  • Pause to assess the verbal and non-verbal reaction
  • Transition – ‘I want to spend some time with you to see if we can get this thing straightened out’
  • Alternative Confrontation approach: “Based on the results of your interview it indicates you have not told me the whole truth about the (incident).”
•      Step 2 THEME DEVELOPMENT
  • In a monologue the interrogator proposes to the suspect reasons and motives that will serve to morally justify or excuse the suspect’s criminal behavior
  • Principles of theme development Basic rule underlying interrogation – the need to let the suspect ‘save face’
  • The need to ‘shift the blame’ from the suspect to someone or something for the crime
  • The importance of contrasting what the suspect did to something worse
  • Display empathy
  • The theme is developed as to why the suspect committed the act, not if he committed the act
  • Legal considerations
  • The suspect’s behavior indicates the correct theme
  • Determine the need the suspect was trying to satisfy
  • Real Need Crimes
  • Life-Style Need Crimes
  • Impulse Need Crimes
  • Esteem Need Crimes
  • Discussion of Interrogation Themes for the following types of crimes;
    • EMPLOYEE THEFT
    • EMBEZZLEMENT
    • PAYING AND RECEIVING BRIBES
    • CREDIT CARD, CHECK FRAUD
    • IDENTITY THEFT, COUNTERFEITTING
    • BURGLARY/ ROBBERY
    • INSURANCE FAUD
    • SHOPLIFING
    • RAPE/ CRIMINAL SEXUAL ASSAULT/ HARASSMENT
    • FALSE CLAIMS OF RAPE, ABDUCTION, PHYSICAL ASSAULT, SEXUAL HARASSMENT
    • SEXUAL CHILD ABUSE
    • ARSON
    • PHYSICAL CHILD ABUSE
    • HOMICIDE/ASSAULTS
    • RECKLESS HOMICIDE
    • DRUG SALES
    • PURCHASE OR POSSESION OF DRUGS
    • USE OF DRUGS DURING WORK
    • DEVELOPING SELLER’S NAME
  • Third Person Themes
  • Proper time to use third person themes
  • Development of third person themes and personal stories
  • Third person themes about friend / family member
  • Third person themes about previous case
  • Third person themes about a news event
  • Dialogue in developing third person themes
  • General principles to remember regarding theme development
•       Step 3 HANDLING DENIALS
  • Objectives
  • Significance of denials at different stages of the interrogation
  • Telltale introductions of denials Many deceptive suspects introduce

their denials with permission phrases: “Can I say one thing?”; “Just let me explain… ” “But.     ”

  • Discouraging weak denials from being The interrogator, using verbal statements and nonverbal gestures, interjects before the words, “I didn’t do it” are voiced.
  • Responding to denials that are voiced
  • Handling truthful denials –
  • Stepping down the interrogation
  • Handling deceptive denials
  • Addressing the suspect’s verbal challenges
  • Addressing specific denials
    • Responding to the suspect’s request to see evidence
  • Introducing evidence during the interrogation
  • Tactics to gain the suspect’s trust and change the suspects perception
•      Step 4 OVERCOMING OBJECTIVES
  • Definition – An objection is a statement or reason that is offered to allegedly prove that an accusation is false: “I don’t even own a gun” (in an armed robbery case). Normally offered by only the guilty
  • Recognizing the Objection: Introductory phrases are used to indicate an objections: “that’s impossible”; “That’s ridiculous”;

“I couldn’t have done that”

  • Use of the objection to develop a theme: When the objection follows, use statement of agreement or understanding, and use the objection as a support for your themes
  • Handling logical challenges
  • Common objections heard during the interrogation
•      Step 5 PROCUREMENT AND RETENTION OF SUBJECT’S ATTENTION
  • Psychological Significance: the suspect is on the defensive, may withdraw, and focus their thoughts on punishment.
  • Behavioral signs of psychological withdrawal
  • General procedure to captivate the suspect’s interest; Interrogator attempts to regain the subject’s attention by intensifying the theme

and by establishing physical closeness.

  • Procedures to get the suspect emotionally or mentally involved in the theme :

Use of Role Reversal

  • Challenge the suspect’s values and traits
  • Handling bargaining statements
  • Addressing the suspect’s fear of consequences
    • appropriate time to use
  • indirectly addressing consequences
  • openly address the consequences
  • Addressing the futility of continued resistance
•      Step 6 HANDLING SUSPECT’S PASSIVE MOOD
  • Psychological significance; The suspect is becoming less tense, appears defeated,

is listening to your theme and may begin to cry

  • Watching for physical signs of defeat
  • Interrogator’s response to the suspect’s defeated attitude; Intensify the theme and brief it down to one or two sentences, underlying the essential elements
  • Developing insight statements
  • Having the suspect verbalize agreement
  • Begin introducing the components of the alternative question, while remaining in close physical proximity
•      Step 7 PRESENTING AN ALTERNATIVE QUESTION
  • Definition: An alternative is a question asked of the suspect, in which the suspect is offered two incriminating choices concerning some aspect of the crime. Accepting either choice represents the first admission of guilt.
  • Understanding the Alternative: The alternative should contrast an undesirable action with a desirable action
  • Offering supporting statements
  • Presenting the Alternative to the suspect “Did you plan this thing out, or was it just Something that happened on the spur of the moment? I’m sure that it was on the spur of the moment, wasn’t it, Joe?”
  • Handling a denial to the alternative
  • Examples of Alternatives: Extensive list of alternatives is provided, that can be developed in various criminal interrogations
•      Step 8 HAVING THE SUSPECT RELATE THE VARIOUS DETAILS OF THE OFFENSE
  • Establishing the difference between the
  • ‘admission’ and the ‘confession’
  • Statement of reinforcement; “Joe,

I was sure that that was the case all along.”

  • Initial questions asked of the

Use open ended questions to obtain details of the offense.

  • Committing the suspect to the
  • Obtain corroboration – facts that only the guilty would know.
•      Step 9 CONVERTING AN ORAL CONFESSION INTO A WRITTEN CONFESSION
  • Use third party to witness the oral confession
  • Forms of written confession: written by suspect, written by interrogator, recorded, taken down by stenographer.
  • Establish voluntariness and full, detailed substantiation

 

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